RFID usage in European enterprises and its relation to competitiveness: Cluster analysis approach

The radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most promising new technologies of modern economy, with a high potential of improving the efficiency and productivity of enterprises. The main goal of this study is to determine the extent of RFID usage in European (EU) countries and to estimate whether there is a relation between countries’ competitiveness and their levels of RFID usage. First, the trend of RFID usage among EU enterprises is analyzed for the years 2009, 2011, and 2014. Second, a cluster analysis is applied with the goal to create homogenous groups of countries according to the RFID application across different industries. Third, countries from different clusters were compared according to their competitiveness in 2014. Results revealed that enterprises in Europe differ substantially according to their RFID usage. Also, RFID usage is not evenly distributed among countries across different industries, since some countries were leaders in RFID usage in one industry while lagging behind in RFID usage in other industries. Finally, countries from clusters with a higher RFID usage level also have a higher level of technological readiness and innovation, while smaller differences were Radio frequency identification, clustering, K-means, enterprises, European countries, competitiveness, global competitiveness report found in business sophistication