КУСТАРНІ ПРОМИСЛИ КУРСЬКОЇ ТА ВОРОНІЗЬКОЇ ГУБЕРНІЙ В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОЇ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ XIX – ПОЧАТКУ XX СТОРІЧЧЯ

The article analyzes the general scope, dynamics and regional features of the development of private initiative among the rural population of the Kursk and Voronizh provinces in conditions of the industrial modernization of the Russian Empire in the XIX - early XX centuries. It turns out that at that time, the main features of business entrepreneurs were high economic culture, education, vital energy, justice, determination to achieve the goal, ability to combine risk with sober calculations, active citizenship, aspiration for the development of ethnic identity, openness to everything new in science, technology and the spiritual sphere. Period XIX - beginning of XX century. entered the socio-economic and ethnocultural history of the Russian Empire as a period of rather wide development of various forms of entrepreneurship among its peasant population. One of the most important issues in the history of Ukrainian entrepreneurship in the Russian Empire remains the question of the social appearance of peasant craftsmen, their mentality and the spiritual world, social and cultural demands. The socio-psychological appearance and mentality of the social group includes a system of material and spiritual needs and interests, a set of social and value orientations, as well as social moods and norms of handicraftsmanship in a particular era of industrial modernization of the XIX - beginning of the XX century. The actual material convincingly suggests that during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. handicraft business in the Kursk and Voronij provinces was an important component of the economic development of the Russian Empire. The data presented in the article shows that small-scale industrial entrepreneurship played a very important role in the formation and development of market relations in pre-Soviet Russia. The conducted research shows that folk crafts and crafts had a rich and bright history in the Kursk and Voronij provinces. An important condition for the organization of efficient management in many peasant communities was the rational use of available natural resources and their optimal combination with the accumulated over the century by national production traditions. That is why during the XIX - early XX centuries. In the Kursk and Voronizh provinces there were handicraft cells with distinctive traditions of organization of small industrial production. In such artisanal centers, folk crafts developed on the basis of a combination of the best traditions of folk art with the latest at the time the achievements of decorative and applied arts. Kustari tried to enrich their production with new species, forms, plots, and took an active part in satisfying the material, spiritual and aesthetic demands of the local population. The progressive development of market relations, which became characteristic of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, presente