THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND ITS IMPACT ON TURKESTAN

The article is devoted to the impact of the First World War on Turkestan. Already in September 1914, prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian and German armies began to arrive in the region, and then internees and refugees. This radically influenced and changed the life of the indigenous and European population of Turkestan. In many cities, the number of arrivals exceeded the number of indigenous people, which worried the local administration. The housing situation and food supply have deteriorated. The article also shows the attitude of the tsarist and local administration of Turkestan to prisoners of war and refugees of different nationalities. The attitude towards the prisoners of war of the enemy states was harsher, they were used in heavy work, in mines, construction, on the railway, etc., representatives of Slavic nationalities, both in Russia and in Turkestan, were treated more loyally. The purpose of the article is to recreate a holistic picture of the situation of refugees and prisoners of war of the First World War in Turkestan, to show the transformation of the situation of prisoners of war and refugees in 1914-1918. The object of the study was forced migrants of the First World War, namely: refugees, internees and prisoners of war who ended up in Turkestan. The urgency of the problem is primarily due to the fact that by now the problem of migration in general, and refugees in particular, has worsened. In the XXI century, when military conflicts, as before, are one of the forms of interstate and interethnic relations, all the problems accompanying them remain relevant