Adaptive mechanisms of cardiovascular system in trained athletes

Malinowska Ilona, Dobosiewicz Anna Maria, Stalmirska Łucja, Pankanin Ewelina. Adaptive mechanisms of cardiovascular system in trained athletes. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(12):378-385. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1156210 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5213 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.12.2017. Revised: 15.12.2017. Accepted: 31.12.2017. Adaptive mechanisms of cardiovascular system in trained athletes Ilona Malinowska1, Anna Maria Dobosiewicz1, Łucja Stalmirska, Ewelina Pankanin 1Scientific Circle at Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics. Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland Abstract Under the influence of training in the cardiovascular system, there are many changes. These morphological involve changes, metabolism and cardiac function. The team of these adaptations is called the "athlete's heart" when they appear as a physiological response is intense physical activity. However, there are also pathological changes be small that characterized by excessive hypertrophy and heart disorders in its function. The most important cardiac disturbances are sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances, and changes in repolarization. Causes excessive cardiac hypertrophy of the fibrous rings of the valve apparatus to be stretched which results in valve regurgitation. There are no standards defining the boundary between physiological and pathological changes. The most frequent causes of sudden cardiac death among sporters are cardiac hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery anomalies, cardiac arrest and other cardiovascular events. Key words: cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system, training, athlete's heart, cardiac disturbance