THE MARKETING EFFICIENCY, MARKETING COST, MARKETING MARGIN AND PRICE SPREAD OF MAKHANA AND THE CONSTRAINTS, SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKHANA GROWER IN THE STUDY AREA.

Makhana or gorgon nut(Euryale ferox) is an aquatic crop belongs to Nymphaeaceae family and is grown in some district of North Bihar. The present study was under taken to study overview of marketing cost, marketing margin and price spread, constraints faced by farmers in Darbhanga district of Bihar. Combination of purposive stratified and random sampling technique were used for market functionaries and farmer selection were required for the purpose of the study. The data for the present study pertained to agriculture year 2021-2022. Secondary data was collected from secondary source like Market intermediate, market committee office, Research centre for makhana etc. The results revealed that on an average the marketing cost of the four different channel i.e, channel I, II, III, IV are Rs. 180.5, Rs. 335.5, Rs 786.5, and Rs. 1259. The average market margin of four different channel are Rs 50, Rs 240, Rs 680 and marketing efficiency of different channels are 20.39%, 11.99%, 5.53% & 4.95%. Cultivation of makhana has immense potential for enhancing the economic status of mallah community who are particularly engaged in its cultivation. Makhana cultivation is promoted to state government along with NRC, Darbhanga and training cum demonstration programme on cultivation practices should be imparted for efficient cultivation. Cultivation of makhana is fully organic and it should be promoted in developed countries of the world to increase export