A STUDY ON REINVENTION AND CHALLENGES OF IBM

International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) is one of the first multinational conglomerates to emerge in the US-headquartered in Armonk, New York. IBM was established in 1911 in Endicott, New York, as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). In 1924, CTR was renamed IBM. Big Blue has been IBM's nickname since 19 80. IBM stared with the production of scales, punch cards, data processors and time clock now produce and sells computer hardware and software, middleware, provides hosting and consulting services.It has a worldwide presence, operating in over 175 nations with 3,50,600 staff with $79. 6 billion in annual income (Dec 2018). It is currently competing with Microsoft, Google, Apple, and Amazon. 2012 to 2017 was tough time for IBM, although it invests in the field of research where it faced challenges while trying to stay relevant in rapidly changing Tech-Market. While 2018 has been relatively better and attempting to regain its place in the IT industry. With 3,000 scientists, it invests 7% of its total revenue to Research & Development in 12 laboratories across 6 continents. This resulted in the U.S. patent leadership in IBM's 26th consecutive year. In 2018, out of the 9,100 patents that granted to IBM 1600 were related to Artificial Intelligence and 1,400 related to cyber-security. In artificial intelligence, blockchain, safety/security, cloud technology, nano-technology, quantum computing, silicon, and post- silicon computing architecture IBM researchers are doing pioneering job. In this paper, we will discuss Global Market, Strategies, Services, Contribution to Research, Social Responsibility, and Finance