Вторинні партикули як об'єкт дослідження в лінгвістиці: сучасний стан та перспективи

In modern linguistics, the search for ways to divide words into parts of speech is a topical issue for modern grammar. Transpositional formations between words act as stylistic reflections, resulting in grammatical homonyms. In analyzing the criteria used to distinguish grammatical functional homonyms, the main attention is paid to the grammatical criterion because it allows you to calculate the distribution ratio between the components of a combination of words or phrases in a linear sequence. The article is devoted to the issue of the grammatical homonymy of particles in the modern Ukrainian language. It examines the homonymy of particles, paradigm and grammar factors of particles in the modern Ukrainian language. This is a prerequisite for understanding the phonetic particle as a structural-semantic language unit. First, the structural, pragmatic and syntagmatic factors that determine the affiliation of words to particles are clarified. Pragmatic, syntagmatic and semantic-structural factors that determine the attribution of the analyzed words to particles in the modern Ukrainian language are analyzed. Finally, the criteria used to distinguish grammatical functional homonyms are described. The main attention is paid to the grammatical criterion because it allows calculating the ratio of the distribution between the components of a combination of words or phrases in a linear sequence. Several semantic-functional manifestations of realization of modal (negation, probability), gradual (quantitative-amplifying, emotional-expressive) semantics of homonymous particles and their equivalents are established, syntagmatic parameters of the analyzed particles are described. The phenomenon of particularization, which is a characteristic of the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language, is analyzed. It is determined that the part "because" shows the natural process of development of the morphology of the Ukrainian language and shows a wide range of possibilities for the implementation of verbal signs in context. Adverbs have been found to be one of the most effective ways to form other parts of speech. The scientific novelty is that grammatical homonymy is a prerequisite for understanding the phonetic particle as a structural-semantic unit of language