Benefits of different electric vehicle smart charging strategies in a large-scale EV integration scenario for France

Smart EV charging and vehicle-to-grid are likely to be important sources of flexibility for the electricity system in the future, facilitating the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources and reducing the needs for peak load power plants. In this paper, we examine the implications of e-mobility development on the security of electricity supply and the potential economic and environmental benefits associated with different types of smart charging in France in a welfare analysis framework. The analyses are carried out using a large-scale model of the European electricity system in a long-term scenario with a high share of renewable electricity generation