Oral Mucosa Malignant Melanoma: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and a Case Report

Primary oral mucosa malignant melanoma is a rare and biologically aggressive neoplasm. It is estimated about 1~2% of all oral malignancies with the incidence increasing with age. The prognosis of oral mucosa malignant melanoma is poor with the five-year survival rate is approximately 15%. The diagnosis of oral melanoma is usually delayed because it is always asymptomatic at the beginning and it resembles the epulis, amalgam tattoo or other oral lesions. In addition, nearly a third of all oral melanoma are amelanotic and may lack a radial growth phase, which makes early and accurate diagnosis even difficult. Thus, regional and distant metastases happen more frequently. Surgery is the first choice of treatment, and clinically negative necklymph nodes with neck dissection or radiotherapy are also recommended because of the high risk of subclinical regional metastasis