Therapeutic Approaches of Hyperkalemia Induced By Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Hyperkalemia develops in about 10% of outpatients within one year after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) drugs are prescribed. This study includes reviewing the pathophysiology of how these agents affect potassium levels within the body, risk factors for developing hyperkalemia, clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment to the patient having hyperkalemia. Important considerations before starting ACEi or ARB therapy include obtaining an estimate of glomerular filtration rate and a serum potassium concentration, and also as assessing whether the patient has excessive potassium intake from diet, supplements, or drugs which will also increase serum potassium. Elderly patients and those having chronic kidney disease are at greater risk of hyperkalemia. Before starting the therapy obtaining the glomerular filtration rate, baseline blood volumes of potassium, as well as whether the patient taking excessive potassium from diet, supplements, or drugs that can also increases the potassium concentration in the body. Understanding the mechanism of ACEi and ARBs coupled with rational use of drugs can minimize the risk of developing hyperkalemia