ANALYSIS OF PIPE SMOKING AND ITS EFFECTS ON ORAL HEALTH IN PAKISTANI POPULATION

Introduction: Pipe smoking is also frequently known as narghile, water pipe and hubble bubble smoking. It is available in variety of different flavors such as mint, apple, peach, citrus. Aims and objective: The main objective of the study is to analyze the pipe smoking and its effects on oral health in Pakistani population. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Rawalpindi during October 2018 to February 2019. The data was collected from 100 participants who used pipe smoking. Basic information such as educational level, date of birth, place of birth and family history was asked from students or taken from school records. Prior to carrying out the research, parental permission (written informed consent) was acquired. Results: The data were collected from 100 participants of both genders. The descriptive statistics, number of cases, mean, median, standard deviation and eruption time of both the jaws and P-value for antagonist teeth (upper and lower corresponding teeth). The minimum mean eruption time was 6.5±1.1 years of right first molar of mandibular jaw. The maximum eruption time of 11.8 years was for the 2nd molars of maxillary jaw. All the mandible teeth, except the premolars, erupted earlier than maxillary teeth. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is no significant difference of eruption time between gender in all the studied teeth, except tooth #15, # 25 and #43. However, if they are heavy, it would be early eruption if they are not tall and delayed eruptions if they are tall