Kawasaki disease: a comprehensive review

Osiejewska Aleksandra, Wojtachnio Dominika, Bartoszewicz Jakub, Grądzik Anna, Nowakowska Izabela, Kudan Małgorzata, Gorajek Anna. Kawasaki disease: a comprehensive review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(8):317-327. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.032 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.08.032 https://zenodo.org/record/6956917 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 19.07.2022. Revised: 27.07.2022. Accepted: 03.08.2022. Kawasaki disease: a comprehensive review Aleksandra Osiejewska1, Dominika Wojtachnio1, Jakub Bartoszewicz1, Anna Grądzik1, Izabela Nowakowska2, Małgorzata Kudan3, Anna Gorajek3 University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland Wolski Hospital Dr. Anna Gostyńska, 01-2011, Warsaw, Poland Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland Corresponding author: Aleksandra Osiejewska, aleksandraosiejewska@gmail.com ORCID ID and e-mail: Aleksandra Osiejewska: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1729-9905;aleksandraosiejewska@gmail.com Dominika Wojtachnio: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-8268; wojtachnio.d@gmail.com Jakub Bartoszewicz: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-5648; kuba.bartoszewicz123@gmail.com Anna Grądzik: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-5172; anna.gradzik123@gmail.com Izabela Nowakowska: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3729-3359; iza.nowakowska77@gmail.com Małgorzata Kudan: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-6735; malgorzata.kudan@gmail.com Anna Gorajek: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8043-2246; agorajek@vp.pl ABSTRACT Introduction and purpose: Kawasaki disease is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of medium arteries, and it affects children under 5 years old. It can lead to coronary artery aneurysms. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease is unclear. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings. The characteristic symptoms are polymorphous skin rashes, conjunctivitis, erythema, dryness, cracking and bleeding of the lips, erythema and swelling of palms and soles and cervical lymphadenopathy. Kawasaki disease is defined as a fever for 5 days accompanied by 4 or more of the diagnostic symptoms described above. The classic diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other diseases too. The diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease is suggested if less than 4 main clinical features are found. It is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Kawasaki disease can lead to coronary artery aneurysm, myocarditis and pericarditis so it is very important to treat this illness correctly. Basic treatment is a single infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose aspirin. Recurrent Kawasaki disease (persistent fever after first line treatment with IVIG and aspirin) requires the same treatment as used for the first episode. Corticosteroids and immune-modulating therapies can be used as second and third line options. Quick recognition and early treatment result in a reduction of coronary artery abnormalities. Conclusion: This article reviews basic informations, history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, complications and treatment of Kawasaki disease. Key words: “Kawasaki disease”, “IVIG”, “aspirin”, “coronary aneurysm”, “vasculitis