RESEARCH WORK GROWING LEAF CHARD IN GREENHOUSE ON HYDROPONICS

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. It has been known since ancient Rome. Arranged artificial oases and landscaped palaces. Today, this method is called hydroponics, it is used to grow crops. In essence, hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil by immersing their roots in a nutrient solution. Hydroponics equipment can be bought at a specialized store, but it is not difficult to make it yourself. The result will please every agrarian - the yield grown in a hydroponic way can be up to ten times higher than the usual one. Is hydroponics not in the ground so good, what harm can it cause to a person and how to minimize this harm - everything is in this article. For normal development, a certain list of trace elements is necessary. Unfortunately, not everywhere there are soils enriched with minerals and chemical compounds. In addition, even very nutritious soils are unsuitable for growing absolutely all crops - each plant needs an individual combination of microelements. The method of hydroponics is aimed at accelerating and improving crop growth and yields. There are several different options for hydroponic installations, but the principle of their work is the same - to saturate the roots of plants with essential minerals and compounds. Most often, hydroponic equipment is used in the form of a pot with a nutrient solution and a grid that covers this container. A layer of substrate is poured onto the grate. It can be any neutral or slightly acidic environment that is not prone to the development of microorganisms and bacteria in it. Expanded clay coir and similar substrates are suitable. Plant seeds are sown in this sod. The roots must be moistened with a nutrient solution, which consists of water and chemical compounds. This contact allows crops to grow, as they receive all the necessary substances. The chard plant goes through a two-year growth cycle. The first year is designed to collect green mass, and the second - to ripen seeds. This culture comes from the coasts of the Mediterranean. The origin of leaf beet is attributed to Egypt or Greece. But the most widespread plant was in Switzerland, which earned its name - Swiss chard. The main source of vitamins is chard greens. Contrasting veins create a special elegance for the plant. It is a type of chard with a wide rosette, large leaves and short stems. Greens can be consumed throughout the season. After pruning, it quickly recovers. It is allowed to get fresh chard until the very cold. Varieties of this species are fast-growing, but not resistant to frost. In cold winters, the plant freezes completely. It is a type of chard with a wide rosette, large leaves and short stems. Greens can be consumed throughout the season. After pruning, it quickly recovers. The leaves of this type are narrow long, the petioles are high and fleshy. Along with the leaf mass, stalks of chard are of particular value. The term for the appearance of finished greens, compared with leafy varieties, is longer. Varieties of green leafy chard crops have increased, and their cultivation all year round has been put in a failing course. Along with the leaf mass, stalks of chard are of particular value. The term for the appearance of finished greens, compared with leafy varieties, is longer. Varieties of green leafy chard crops have increased, and their cultivation all year round has been put in a failing course. Their prices are high and not always affordable for the average consumer. Therefore, providing the population with domestic products at an affordable price is an important issue, and this problem can be solved by increasing the production of vegetable crops. In view of these circumstances, a number of scientific works are being carried out in the country for the development of the vegetable complex within the framework of the state program. Increasing the types and volume of production of green leafy chard is one of the priority areas in the development of the vegetable cluster. Leaf chard branches up to V, sometimes up to VI orders, forming the main stem and about 30 shoots of the II order, which are divided into three tiers (from the main inflorescence) upper, middle and lower, 10 shoots each in place with the corresponding shoots III-V orders. The flowering of chard begins with the main inflorescence in mid-July and spreads to shoots of II and subsequent orders until the 20th of August. The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of plant nutrition. used to grow vegetables to find ways to improve beneficial chard and identify the main hydroponic substrate factors that determine their seed production in hydroponics. Depending on the closed greenhouses, seed productivity fluctuations range from 3 to 13 g, it increases in warm and moderately humid times and decreases in cool and humid times