Peripartum cardiomyopathy: current theories about etiopathogenesis, potential biomarkers and treatment - a literature review

ZIELONKA, Bartłomiej, KOWALCZYK, Ilona, STAWIKOWSKI, Cezary, WOLANIN, Marta, WOLANIN, Izabela, STACHYRA, Bartłomiej, KRAWIEC, Paulina, MADEJ, Karolina, OSIŃSKA, Aleksandra & DENGLER, Barbara. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: current theories about etiopathogenesis, potential biomarkers and treatment - a literature review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;40(1):11-19. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.40.01.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43956 https://zenodo.org/record/8033918 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 11.05.2023. Revised: 05.06.2023. Accepted: 12.06.2023. Published: 13.06.2023. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: current theories about etiopathogenesis, potential biomarkers and treatment - a literature review Kardiomiopatia połogowa: aktualne teorie na temat etiopatogenezy, potencjalnych biomarkerów i leczenia - przegląd literatury Bartłomiej Zielonka1, Ilona Kowalczyk2, Cezary Stawikowski3, Marta Wolanin4, Izabela Wolanin5, Bartłomiej Stachyra6, Paulina Krawiec7, Karolina Madej8, Aleksandra Osińska9, Barbara Dengler10 1Bartłomiej Zielonka 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-1342 bvrtlomiej.zi@gmail.com 2Ilona Kowalczyk Independent Public Clinical Hospital prof. W. Orlowski CMKP in Warsaw https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-3068 ilonaxkowalczyk@gmail.com 3Cezary Stawikowski 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-8617 cezary.stawikowski@gmail.com 4Marta Wolanin 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3988-346X marta.wolanin03@gmail.com 5Izabela Wolanin 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3290-5635 izabela-wolanin@wp.pl 6Bartłomiej Stachyra 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2119-416X bartlomiej.stachyra@gmail.com 7Paulina Krawiec 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-5837 paulina.krawiec96@gmail.com 8Karolina Madej 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4571-6650 karolinamadej01@gmail.com 9Aleksandra Osińska 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0351-9724 aleksandraosinska23@gmail.com 10Barbara Dengler 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8220-8264 barbaradengler@poczta.fm ABSTRACT Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of an idiopathic systolic heart failure, which occurs the most often in the last weeks of pregnancy or in the early postpartum period. Symptoms of this disease include exertional dyspnea, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and edema. They are typical for a heart failure, but also can be attributed to late pregnancy or the effects of labor, which is a cause of common misdiagnosis or its delay and significantly affects the worsening of the prognosis and the high mortality rate. In more severe cases, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias, thromboembolic complications may occur, leading to death. Aim of the study: The study aim is to summarize the current state of knowledge and the recent scientific reports on the potential etiopathogenesis, diagnostics including new biomarkers, and treatment of the peripartum cardiomyopathy. Material and methods: The study is based on the scientific literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: „peripartum cardiomyopathy”, „pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy” and “16-kDa prolactin”. Results and conclusions: The diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy should be considered in every pregnant or postnatal woman with symptoms of heart failure. Despite great advances made in understanding and diagnosing PPCM over the last few years, the pathogenesis and complex interactions of genetics and the vascular and hormonal balance of late pregnancy are still unclear. Further research is needed to determine the benefits and risks of bromocriptine treatment and the use of new markers in the diagnostics of PPCM. Keywords: peripartum cardiomyopathy, pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy, 16-kDa prolacti