Data from: Global macroevolution and macroecology of passerine song

Studying the macroevolution of the songs of Passeriformes (perching birds) has proved challenging. The complexity of the task stems not just from the macroevolutionary and macroecological challenge of modelling so many species, but also from the difficulty in collecting and quantifying birdsong itself. Using machine learning techniques, we extracted songs from a large citizen science dataset, and then analysed the evolution, and biotic and abiotic predictors of variation in birdsong across 578 passerine species. Contrary to expectations, we found few links between life-history traits (monogamy and sexual dimorphism) and the evolution of song pitch (peak frequency) or song complexity (standard deviation of frequency). However, we found significant support for morphological constraints on birdsong, as reflected in a negative correlation between bird size and song pitch. We also found that broad-scale biogeographical and climate factors such as net primary productivity, temperature, and regional species richness were significantly associated with both the evolution and present-day distribution of bird song features. Our analysis integrates comparative and spatial modelling with newly developed data cleaning and curation tools, and suggests that evolutionary history, morphology, and present-day ecological processes shape the distribution of song diversity in these charismatic and important birds.SI 1 - R code to download data from Xeno CantoR functions (commented using roxygen2) to download data from Xeno Cantosupplement_1.RSI 2 - Ruby script to download a recording from Xeno CantoDocumented within the file; can get help on how to run it from the command line with something like "ruby supplement_2.rb --help"supplement_2.rbSI 3 - Ruby script to download lots of recordings from Xeno-CantoRuby script to download recordings for many species from Xeno Canto. Can get help on how to run over the command line with something like "ruby supplement_3.rb --help"supplement_3.rbSI 4 - Birdsong metrics for all downloaded recordingsXeno-Canto ID for each recording is listedsupplement_4.csvSI 5 - Manually curated metrics from Xeno-CantoManually curated birdsong metrics used for analysis (see manuscript for details)supplement_5.csvSI 6 - Xeno-Canto recording meta-dataMeta-data describing each recording downloaded from Xeno-Canto (downloaded using script in SI 3).supplement_6.txtSI 7 - Additional spatial/assemblage analysesAdditional spatial/assemblage model results, as described in the manuscript. The first sheet describes the models in greater detail; subsequent sheets give the model outputssupplement_7.xlsxSI 8 - Additional comparative/PGLS analysesAdditional comparative/PGLS model results, as described in the manuscript. The first sheet describes the models in greater detail; subsequent sheets give the model outputssupplement_8.xlsxSI 9 - Additional plots of birdsong metrics against environmental variablessupplement_9.docxSI 10 - Position of study species within Passerine phylogenysupplement_10.docxSI 11 - Analysis of spatial auto-correlation in assemblage/spatial modelssupplement_11.doc