Algorithm of the research of river basins and the development of water protection measures (on the example of the river Sumka)

The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm for the study of river basins in order to develop and implement water protection measures. The main goal of the article is to create an algorithm for researching a river basin and develop a system of water protection measures using the example of the basin of the Sumka River, which is under powerful anthropogenic impact. The article analyzes the basics of the basin approach and water protection measures, describes the stages of the algorithm for studying river basins and the proposed technique is tested on the example of the Sumka river basin. At the first stage, comprehensive monitoring of the river and its basin is carried out. At the second stage, the actual problems of the river are clarified, the data are processed and the assessments are carried out: the index of water pollution, the ecological state of the river and floodplain, the anthropogenic load on the river basin. At the third stage, the development and implementation of water protection measures is carried out: the category of water protection measures and their sequence are established; specific recommendations for water protection measures are being developed. Special attention is paid to the development of water protection measures to optimize the ecological state of the Sumka river basin. The following measures are proposed: 1. For an optimal ratio of the areas of plowed, meadow, and forest lands on the catchment of the Sumka River, it is necessary to reduce the plowing by 8.5%, to bring the forest cover to 15%, and meadow areas to 30%. 2. It is necessary to identify water protection zones and restore the coastal water protection zones. 3. To reconstruct the network of rainwater drainage collectors in the city of Sumy and the hydraulic structure under the bridge on Shevchenko Avenue. 4. To introduce anti-erosion meadow-reclamation, water-protection and anti-erosion forest reclamation measures. 5. A section of the river channel, its floodplain and protection zones the city limits, in order to preserve the river as a hydrological object, shall be granted the status of a nature reserve area of local importance (park zone)