GIS and Remote Sensing in Water Resource Engineering

Water is one of the most important natural resources for preserving ecosystems and human life. Unequal spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, as well as pollution, put increasing pressures on water resources and disaster management, which is partly attributed to our lack of knowledge about water resource distribution and poor management of their use. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide the best tools for water resources, watershed modelling, drought and flood risk management, while Remote Sensing (RS) provides vital data for water resources mapping, hydrological flux measurement, watershed modelling, and modelling. It provides drought and flood monitoring. The role of GIS in watershed models and water resource decision support systems, as well as the role of GIS in the production, management, and delivery of spatially distributed data, are discussed. Understanding and managing water resource issues require understanding the complex processes and interactions that occur at the surface and subsurface of the basin. The application of Maximum Daily Load Limits (TMDL) to pollution inflows into a basin has led to significant demand for new assessment technologies. As the need for and development of watershed modelling capabilities has increased, GIS and remote sensing technologies have played an important role in helping to collect and analyze data. It is expected that the deployment of these technologies will reduce significant pressures on water resources and enable better mitigation and response to drought and flood disasters