Kell Blood Group Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility in Lubumbashi (D. R. Congo), Case Report

Abstract: Introduction: The anti Kell is a major cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn; the third cause after ABO and Rhesus in frequency; and the second in terms of severity after rhesus type incompatibility. In Africa, 60% of the population is Kell negative. In Congo, Kell blood group determination is not systematically performed and almost non-existent in perinatology. We aimed to report a case of this immunization in routine practice. Method: This study is a clinical report of Kell immunization. Physical examination was performed and blood group determined. Clinical and biological follow up of the case: a review of the literature of Kell immunizations is included. Result: A female newborn on day 4 of life with weight of 3,250 g born at term admitted to Sendwe's Hospital emergency for pallor and respiratory distress. History reveals jaundice at birth. The mother is P1G4A3D0, blood group Orh+. Clinically the child is pale, jaundiced, present tachycardia, hepatomegaly, polypnea Brh+. The diagnostic orientation is a maternal-fetal incompatibility. The realization of blood grouping Kell, Duffy and irregular antibodies research Kell type confirms the diagnosis of Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn. We discharged him after 14 days. Conclusions: The Kell type IFME is a purveyor of grave hemolytic disease of the newborn. His knowledge, prevention and proper care by a multidisciplinary team can prevent dramatic situations. Key words: Kell system, allo immunization, neonatal jaundice, neonatal anemia, irregular antibodies research