CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS CAUSAL FACTORS.

Introduction: A case control analytical study , carried out among the patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to find out the casual factors of the disease. Objective of the study was to identify major casual factors of the disease to determine association of those factors with formation and progression of the disease i.e. CKD. Methodology: A case control analytical study was carried out among patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to find out the casual factors of the disease. Study included all patients ( all ages and both sex) , visiting dialysis unit, minimum duration of diseases 6 months and fifth stage of five stages of kidney disease is looked for. A sample of 32 patients of CKD from Nephrology Unit Bahawal Victoria Hospital , Bahawalpur is selected & information gathered through filling ofstructured Questionnaire to find out the factors leading to the formation of the disease. The whole study took time duration of approximately 6 months. Results: Total32 conveniently selected patients were inducted in the study. Only 5 (15.6%) out of32 had a family history of CKD, 25 were suffering from hypertension, 7 were suffering from Diabetes & just 3 had taken Hakeem medication for their disease and 9 patients had kidney inflammation and urinary obstruction. Conclusion: According to our study, there are two major causes of Kidney disease. One of them is Diabetes. High blood sugar levels caused bydiabetes damage blood vessels in the kidneys. If the blood sugar level remains high over many years, this damage gradually reduces the function of the kidneys leading to CKD. Second major cause of CKD is High blood pressure (hypertension). Uncontrolled high blood pressure damages blood vessels, which can lead to damage in the kidneys. Also, long-term use of medicines can damage the kidneys