Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Abstract : This article used modern methods of physical and chemical analysis to study the properties of raw materials. In our studies, the chemical, mineralogical composition, physical and mechanical properties of ancient Khiva’s used historical monuments, ceramic bricks, and masonry mortars were studied. After studying these properties, we selected new formulations to develop alternative materials. We have studied the possibilities of using modifying additives, as a result of which an identical brick will be obtained in terms of color characteristics. During the research, the chemical, mineralogical and granulometric compositions of historical bricks, masonry mortars, and clay raw materials were determined, and their ceramic–technological and thermophysical properties were studied. The chemical composition of raw materials was studied by X–ray phase studies using non–traditional modern physical and chemical methods, the mineralogical composition of raw materials was determined by scanning (scanning) microscopy, and the granulometric composition of raw materials was determined by the dry method and sedimentation analysis. The raw materials for the development of materials for the restoration of architectural monuments were the loess–like rocks of the Suzanlinskoye deposit, waste from sugar production – defecation formed at the JV JSC “Khorezm Shakar” and amorphous silica. Loess–like rocks are predominantly light brown or gray in color, consisting of minerals that form a complex structure. According to the data obtained, a comprehensive study of loess–like rocks is of great scientific and practical importance, since more than 70% of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is made up of loess–like and loess–like rocks