A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

Congenital anomalies are a major cause of stillbirths and neonatal mortality. The pattern and prevalence of congenital anomalies may vary over time or with geographical location. In addition to examining maternal and perinatal risk factors, the goal of this study is to ascertain the prevalence and kinds of congenital abnormalities in live babies. Depending on the exact birth defect, birth defects can be detected either during pregnancy or after the infant is delivered. Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the neural tube fails to close completely. The causes of human NTDs are multifaceted and include both genetic and environmental elements. Several nongenetic risk factors have been identified as having potential for protection by maternal folic acid supplementation, despite the fact that the genetic foundation is still poorly understood. KEYWORD’S: Congenital Anomaly, Diagnosis of Birth Defects, Neural Tube Defect, Treatment of NTD’s