CUSHING 'S SYNDROME: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Introduction: Cushing’s syndrome a state of high blood cortisol level due to various reasons. The syndrome has much comorbidity like hypertension, heart diseases, pathological fractures, diabetes mellitus, and coagulopathy. the diagnosis is largely clinical based on history and examination, and treatment depends upon the cause. Aim of the work: In this study, our aim was to understand the pathophysiology behind Cushing’s syndrome and its various causes. We will also discuss the diagnoses and ways of management. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1994 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: Cushing’s syndrome, Cushing’s disease, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, high blood steroid levels, pathological fractures, diagnosis of Cushing’s, management of Cushing’s. Conclusion: Cushing’s syndrome is the result of any long-term pathology that leads to high levels of circulating cortisol in the bloodstream. Up to 80% of patients with Cushing’s syndrome can have hypertension which will lead to significant increase in both morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Asides from blood pressure control, surgical resection remains the most ideal treatment modality in the treatment of most causes of Cushing’s syndrome. Keywords: Cushing’s syndrome, Cushing’s disease, high blood cortiso