ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR SCHEDULING DISTRIBUTION OF CLUSTER HEADS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSNS)-A REVIEW

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operate on resource constrained environment, therefore, changing or recharging the batteries is difficult and unmanageable task. Over the years, several routing algorithms have been studied in WSNs to enhance their lifespan with varying degree of success. The present review compared the energy efficiency of various homogeneous and heterogeneous routing algorithms for scheduling the distribution of cluster heads (CHs) in WSNs. The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) and Hybrid Energy-Efficient Distributed Clustering (HEED) are intended for homogenous WSNs, while the Stable Election Protocol (SEP), Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (DEEC), Developed DEEC (DDEEC) and Enhanced DEEC (EDEEC) are important in WSNs which adequately operate within heterogeneous regions. The homogeneous WSNs had nodes with less energy expire sooner, compared with the nodes with high energy. The homogenous clustering-based algorithms are incompetent to delight every node with respect to energy. The HEED protocol has low overhead in terms of processing cycles and message exchanged and does not assume any distribution of the nodes or location awareness. The LEACH has been the most accepted distributed cluster-based routing algorithms in WSNs, which has been highly effective and efficient approach to prolong the network lifetime with increased energy efficiency. The improvement over LEACH is that HEED can evenly distribute the cluster heads in the sensing area by local competition. The Threshold sensitive energy efficient sensor network (TEEN) protocol has not been considered good for applications where the periodic reports are generated because some users may not get any data at all if the thresholds are not reached. The PEGASIS protocol is nearly optimal in terms of energy cost for data gathering applications