Бізнес-моделі підприємств паливно-енергетичного комплексу

The article examines the modern theory and practice of formation and transformation of business models of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. the current strategy of innovative development of the leading countries of the world involves a transition to an innovative model in which the energy sector occupies a leading position. The structure and key elements of the business model are summarized. It was noted that depending on the branch property, the size of the enterprise, its organizational and legal form and management structure, the leading role in business models can be assigned to various components. The question of clarifying the focus of value creation inside the company and outside it in the context of building and transforming a business model is considered. The theoretical aspects of building business models of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex have been studied. Business models of Exxon Mobil, Saudi Aramco, PetroChina, Sinopec Group, TotalEnergy, and Chevron corporations were analyzed. It was emphasized that in the segment of energy companies, business models focused on innovation are presented to a limited extent. It is emphasized that in the current business models of the largest corporations in the industry, intangible assets come to the fore: expert knowledge, management skills, industrial and corporate culture. It is emphasized that the advantage of the existing vertically integrated business models of PEK enterprises (concentration of financial resources, access to stocks and capacities, low transaction costs, strong market positions, etc.) is also their weakness, which limits innovative development. The key current factors of the expediency of transformation of business models of PEK enterprises, which include the growth of costs associated with vertical integration, are summarized; activation of innovative processes with parallel liberalization of energy markets; climate change and related regulatory acts; foreign and domestic policy of states; the evolution of approaches to enterprise management; development of electronic business and information and communication technologies in general. A number of principles for improving the business models of PEK enterprises are summarized and the inadmissibility of threats to the energy security of the state within the framework of their transformation is emphasized