ГРОМАДСЬКІ ТА ПРИВАТНІ ВИЩІ НАВЧАЛЬНІ ЗАКЛАДИ В УКРАЇНІ В КІНЦІ ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТЬ: ІСТОРИКО-СОЦІАЛЬНІ МАРКЕРИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

The article deals with the main aspects of the history and development of private and public higher educational establishments in Ukraine in the late XIX c. – early XX c., being part of the system of higher education of this period. The author’s definition of this category of educational establishments has been provided, objective and subjective preconditions and factors of their origin have been considered, the periodization of their development as well as characteristics of periods of their activity have been given. Based on the classification of educational establishments of this type, it has been shown that they substantially enlarged medical, pedagogical, technical education, which was provided in state higher education, and they formed a new type of educational establishments, that is commercial educational establishments, where specialists in the business and trade field were trained, which were necessary in conditions of developing a market system of business activities. The close connection of these establishments with those state-owned ones in the part of using curriculums and academic programmes, teaching staff has been shown. The attention is, herewith, paid to their differences from the state higher school, these differences have been referred to as belonging to social sphere rather than that of pedagogical innovations. A reasonable conclusion has been made on the important role of these educational establishments in solving social problems in the sphere of training specialists with higher education, namely in providing opportunities to obtain a higher education for those who had certain limitations for that, for example for women, people of Jewish nationality, descendants of democratic layers of society. A significant role of private and public higher educational establishments has been shown in democratization, feminization, development of higher education