Generalized Penalty Method for Elliptic Variational–Hemivariational Inequalities

We consider an elliptic variational–hemivariational inequality with constraints in a reflexive Banach space, denoted P, to which we associate a sequence of inequalities {Pn}. For each n∈N, Pn is a variational–hemivariational inequality without constraints, governed by a penalty parameter λn and an operator Pn. Such inequalities are more general than the penalty inequalities usually considered in literature which are constructed by using a fixed penalty operator associated to the set of constraints of P. We provide the unique solvability of inequality Pn. Then, under appropriate conditions on operators Pn, we state and prove the convergence of the solution of Pn to the solution of P. This convergence result extends the results previously obtained in the literature. Its generality allows us to apply it in various situations which we present as examples and particular cases. Finally, we consider a variational–hemivariational inequality with unilateral constraints which arises in Contact Mechanics. We illustrate the applicability of our abstract convergence result in the study of this inequality and provide the corresponding mechanical interpretations