The anatomy response of several rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Gunungkidul rainfed land, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Rice is consumed as the main source of carbohydrates, with various types. Rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) vary in inbred, hybrid and local rice. The difference was caused by the process and local genetic resources not the result of inbred or hybrid crosses. This study aims to determine the anatomical response of several rice varieties grown in rainfed land. This study used a complete randomized block design with 6 rice varieties as treatment, namely Hipa 9, Inpari blast, Inpari 33, Inpari 43, Ciherang and local rice Sembada Merah. The study was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 in Semanu, Gunungkidul, Indonesia. The anatomical parameters of the leaves measured included upper and lower epidermal cell thickness, cuticle in the upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll thickness in the major and minor intervena regions. Observations were carried out 5 times (major and minor intervena areas). The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of variance and DMRT advanced test using SAS version 9.2. Besides that, cluster analysis was based on leaf anatomy to obtain dendogram. The results showed significant anatomical differences (thickness of cuticles and epidermal thickness) among varieties planted. Each variety shows its genetic response to the environment because it is planted in rainfed land with limited water conditions. Clustering of anatomically based leaf varieties (thickness of cuticles and epidermal thickness both above and below in the major and minor intervena regions) there were 3 groups. Cluster I: Inpari 42 and Inpari 33; cluster II: Inpari blast, Ciherang and Sembada merah; and hybrid rice groups: Hipa 9 as cluster III