К ВОПРОСУ О ЖАНРОВОМ СВОЕОБРАЗИИ «ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЭМЫ»

The article is dedicated to the originality of the genre of “The Pedagogical Poem” – one of the important theoretical problems of literary works of A.S. Makarenko and Russian literature of the twentieth century, according to discussions of the researchers, that have continued up to the present time. The title of the literary work “poem” caused on the one hand, associations with the works of Gogol, and on the other, the opposition to him and the rapprochement with the genre of the novel. Based on the works of M.M. Bakhtin, the majority of Makarenko-researchers refer the literary work to the genre “novel of education”. Considering the “The Pedagogical Poem” in the broad context of Russian literature of the twenties of the previous century, the authors prove that for Makarenko the main factor in determination of genre was dominant at that time, the genre of “poem in prose”. The originality of “The Pedagogical Poem” as a novel is in its tangible signs of the autobiographical novel, memoir, “poem in prose”, essay, pamphlet and some other genres. Dominant novel basis allowed the author to recreate realistic picture of life in Gorky colony, to trace the future of the characters and to express his opinion about upbringing of a person against broad social background. In other words to solve rather difficult task set by the writer