EFFECT OF THE NATURAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION RELATED TO NATURAL FOCAL INFECTIONS

This article is devoted to the analysis and generalization of the results of domestic and foreign studies on the influence of natural and climatic factors on the intensity of manifestations of the epidemic process and the vital activity of carriers of pathogens of the most relevant natural focal infections for our region. Over the past seven years, infections transmitted by ticks (among which ixodid tick-borne borreliosis is the leader in terms of prevalence and frequency of registration of cases), account for more than 50% in the total nosological structure of natural focal diseases. Tick-borne viral encephalitis continues to pose a serious threat to the health of the country's population. In the south of our region, a tense epidemiological situation remains. There is an expansion of the boundaries of natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which is the most widespread natural focal zoonosis of viral etiology in the studied region and for many years ranked second in the frequency of detection of patients after infections transmitted by ticks. In the course of the work, research data were systematized on the dependence of the number of carriers of pathogens of natural focal infections and the dynamics of the incidence of these infections on the values of climatic factors, confirmed using various methods of mathematical statistics (time series analysis, autoregression of the integrated moving average, logistic regression, correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance and others). It has been established that the common abiotic factors for all considered infections are the temperature and humidity of air and soil, the amount of precipitation, the height of the snow cover, the values of which can be used for the subsequent compilation of an epidemiological forecast. It is promising to further study the relationship between the incidence rate of the population, the number of arthropod vectors of pathogens and small mammals with indicators of soil moisture and temperature at different depths, the hydrothermal coefficient, the normalized relative vegetation index, the accumulated values of temperature and precipitation, as well as conducting similar studies on other common in the country natural focal infections