METHODOLOGY OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AND NATIONAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS

This article describes the issues of civil, ethnic and national identity, which serve to form a sense of "identity" of each person on the basis of state, public, social interests. While self-awareness can reflect national and ethnic interests, it can also focus on the purposeful development of mental aspects that ensure national cohesion. Ethnic identity plays an important role in understanding the character of the nation and the socio-cultural characteristics of the national mentality. The sense of identity, which is part of the national or ethnic identity, is analyzed. Researchers have not approached the problem of identity from a professional point of view for many years, and it has often been considered the object of study of psychological science. Therefore, in the system of social sciences and humanities, in particular in the field of philosophy and sociology, the factor of "selfconsciousness" is reflected in the mainstream of the concept of "identity". In fact, national identity embodies the concepts of mentality and self-consciousness, and these terms should be studied separately when determining the characteristics of any nation