ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF ECOSYSTEMS OF UKRAINE

Any armed conflict always causes an ecological disaster, due to large emissions of chemical substances. Russian forces are attacking port infrastructure along the Black and Azov Sea coasts and ships at anchor, causing water pollution and the spread of toxic substances into the sea. Petroleum products have a negative effect on marine biocenoses, forming films on the surface of the water, which disrupts the exchange of energy, heat, moisture and gases between the sea and the atmosphere. In addition, they directly affect physico-chemical and hydrological conditions, cause the death of fish, seabirds and microorganisms. All oil components are toxic to marine organisms. Oil has another side property. Its hydrocarbons are able to dissolve a number of other pollutants, such as pesticides, heavy metals, which, together with oil, concentrate in the near-surface layer and poison it even more. Soil contamination with fuel and lubricants and other petroleum products occurs as a result of the movement and damage of ground military equipment. In soils impregnated with fuel and lubricants, water permeability decreases, oxygen is displaced, and biochemical and microbiological processes are disrupted. As a result, the water and air regimes and the circulation of nutrients deteriorate, the root nutrition of plants is disturbed, their growth and development are inhibited, which causes death