МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В СІЛЬСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВАХ СЛОБІДСЬКОЇ УКРАЇНИ У ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ XIX – НА ПОЧАТКУ XX СТОЛІТТЯ

The article analyzes the main directions of development of peasant farms of Sloboda Ukraine in conditions of socio-economic modernization of the second half of the XIX - beginning of the XX century. The peculiarities and dynamics of the market transformation of peasant farms, the main directions of intensification of agriculture, livestock and auxiliary handicraft industries are analyzed. It is concluded that a significant part of the peasant farms of Sloboda Ukraine gradually turned into multi-sectoral farms of entrepreneurial type, and became an intensive way of development. The main direction of the industrial activity of the settlement-Ukrainian peasantry was the expansion of production and the receipt of the greatest possible profits. The further development of industrial production, rail transport, urban population growth and other objective factors contributed to a significant expansion of the domestic market and an increase in demand for agricultural products produced in the peasant farms of Sloboda Ukraine. The optimal formation and rational use of the material and technical base of agriculture, which was an important factor in the organization of efficient agricultural production, was analyzed. The material and technical base of agriculture included a large agricultural component and traction power, which played a special role in the market transformation of agricultural production. It is alleged that during the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. agriculture remained one of the most important sectors of the economy of Sloboda Ukraine, while in the region all necessary as objective and subjective prerequisites for the development of modernization processes in peasant farms, including to strengthen their material and technical base, have developed. The schedule of serfdom and the development of market relations in the post-reform period were manifested in the modernization of all the components of peasant farms. Their growing relationship with the market increased the role of money in the lives of peasants and gave rise to the need for a constant search for additional sources of income. As a result, Sloboda Ukraine during this period became one of the main regions of commodity farming in the Russian Empire with a pronounced specialization in the production of grain and sugar beet. It is stated that the reproduction of the agrarian history of Sloboda Ukraine allows us to use the rich historical experience to optimize the development process in modern Ukrainian farms