Macromycetes: diversity, function and potential use in the Valle de Poanas, Durango

The objective of this investigation was to identify the species of macromycetes from the forests of the Poanas Valley, Durango, for which field collections were carried out, analyzing the diversity and correlating environmental variables. In the months of July to October 2017, 15 plots of 300 m2 each were randomly established, distributed in the temperate forest zone in the communities of Cieneguilla, San Atenógenes, and Veracruz of the municipality of Poanas, Durango. Sporocarps were collected, and recorded their weight. In these plots, other variables were measured: temperature, humidity, pH, luminosity and altitude. Tree variables measured were: height, canopy shading and stem diameter at breast height to relate to the production of fungi. According to the taxonomic analysis, 85 fungal species were determined within 64 genera and 37 families; their growth habit were as follows: saprobes (60%), mycorrhizal (21%), parasites (14%), and pathogens (5%). Regarding the possibility of being used as human food, the literature indicates that 58% are not edible, 21% are toxic, 18% are edible, and 4% are medicinal. As for the production of the forest, in the totality of the collection a fresh weight of 8.08 kg was obtained, which was reduced to 2.85 kg dry weight after being dehydrated. The main botanical species with which the macromycetes of this region coexist are pine (Pinus spp.) with 43% presence, huizache (Acacia sp.) with 24%, white wood with 13%, and finally oak (Quercus spp.) with 11% presence. The indexes of diversity of the sites were higher than 5.0, indicating a high biodiversity. The similarity indexes were 11% or less, which denotes the great variation found in a small area. A multivariate analysis was carried out in the three sites, which determined that there are 4 groups; the most similar species were Trametes versicolor and Inocybe sp.2, while those with the least similarity were Junghuhnia sp. and Irpex lacteus. According to an analysis of canonical correlation, the species Lentinus arcularius stands out, which is related to the variables temperature, altitude and luminosity; on the other hand, the species that are not related to any variables are Irpex lacteus and Junghuhnia sp., In general terms, most of the species found in the three sites tend to be related to the variables pH, temperature, and altitude. Through molecular analysis, it was proved that several of the species were correctly identified using classic morphological taxonomy, and only a few ones were not.Thesis. M. Sc. in Innovation in Natural Resources Management, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, 201