Male hypogonadism with its systemic complications

Niedobylski Sylwiusz, Laszczak Katarzyna, Warchoł Konrad, Marczak Aleksandra, Dobosz Maciej, Lewicki Marcin, Obel Ewa. Male hypogonadism with its systemic complications. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(9):183‑199. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.020 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.020 https://zenodo.org/record/4019594 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.08.2020. Revised: 15.08.2020. Accepted: 08.09.2020. Male hypogonadism with its systemic complications Sylwiusz Niedobylski, Katarzyna Laszczak, Konrad Warchoł, Aleksandra Marczak, Maciej Dobosz, Marcin Lewicki, Ewa Obel Sylwiusz Niedobylski (1); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-623X; sniedobylski@gmail.com Katarzyna Laszczak (1); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-0273; kasia.laszczak19@gmail.com Konrad Warchoł (1); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-680X; konrad.wrh@gmail.com Aleksandra Marczak (1); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-3567; ola.marczak98@gmail.com Maciej Dobosz (1); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-3310; macdob.98@gmail.com Marcin Lewicki (2); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-9326; lewicki-marcin@wp.pl Ewa Obel (2); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-8843; obel.ewa@wp.pl (1) Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Klinice Endokrynologii, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie, ul. Jaczewskiego 8 20-954 Lublin (2) Klinika Endokrynologii, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie, ul. Jaczewskiego 8 20-954 Lublin Abstract Introduction and purpose: Total lack of testosterone or its level lower than 9-12 mmol/L (250-350 ng/dL) of serum in men is called hypogonadism. Due to the importance of testosterone in male body, hypogonadism usually causes a variety of symptoms, mostly of sexual nature – lack of libido, erectile dysfunction, infertility and associated psychological problems, it can though be the cause of more dangerous changes in the male body. The purpose of this study is to review possible systemic complications of male hypogonadism (with the emphasis on hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) apart from those sex-related. State of knowledge: The lack of testosterone and gonadotropins was proven to cause a number of negative changes in different systems and various clinical situations. It can negatively impact the condition of skeletal system. Although testosterone is widely thought to increase cardiovascular risk some studies show that the hypogonadism has a negative impact on it as well. Some studies hypothesised the role of hypogonadism in anaemia development, but generally it isn’t taken into account in investigation of this condition. Some studies show the impact of hypogonadism on higher risk of some metabolic and endocrine diseases. The most interesting conclusions were found in literature on oncological implications of testosterone and lack of it. It turns out that there is a number of studies showing the positive impact of relatively higher testosterone concentrations while androgen deprivation therapy is the main therapeutic option in advanced prostate cancer. Conclusions: Due to very unpleasant and possibly dangerous complications of hypogonadism endocrinologists should stay alert to signs of hypogonadism to be able to start testosterone replacement in the right moment. Keywords: hypogonadism; systemic complications; prostate cancer; cardiovascular risk; metabolic syndrom