View to occurrence of european chestnut damage in slovakia with regard to the occurrence of quarantine harmfull agents and their impact on fruit quality

The not intentionally introduced pathogens and disease carriers represent great risks for plants. A new species, not causing significant economic damage to the plants in the area of its origin, can be extremely dangerous for the plant species in the new locality lacking its natural predators and facilitating its rapid spreading. Fungi Valsa ambiens (Pers.) Fr., Cytospora ambiens (Nitschke) Sacc., Coryneum modonium (Sacc.) Griffon et Maubl., Melanconis modonia (Tul.) et C. Tul., Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Phomopsis castanea Woron., Diatrypella quercina (Pers.) Cooke (Grove) Libertella quercina Tul., Gloniopsis praelonga (Schwein.) Underw et Earle, Diplodina castaneae (Tul. & C. Tul.) Wehm., Cryptodiaporthe castaneae (Tul. & C. Tul.)Wehm. Dothidotthia celtidis (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr, Diatrype stigma (Hoffm.) Fr., Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.) Fr. and Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. have lower importance and have been determined on branches and stem. Fungal genera Cylindrosporium, Phyllosticta, Mycosphaerella, Marssonina, Drepanopeziza, Microsphaera, Apiognomonia cause spots in different size and shape on leaves of European chestnut. The occurrence of fungal genus Phytophthora causing damage of roots and drying of whole vegetation of this woody plant has been confirmed. The most important pests of fruits of European chestnut are larvae of weevils (Curculio sp.; Curculio elephas Gyll., Curculio nucum (L.), Curculio glandium (Marsh.) and caterpillars of moths (Cydia amplana (Hb.), Cydia splendana (Hb.), Pammene regiana (Zell.)). The chestnut weevil and the chestnut leaf-roller cause worminess of fruits, oak leaf-roller (Attelabus nitens) and Tischeria ekebladella cause damage on leaves. Chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) occurred first time in Slovakia in 2012 on seedlings imported from Italy.SK; sk; efsa.focalpoint@land.gov.s