Sporotrichosis: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology, Clinical and Treatment of an Emerging Mycosis

Sporotrichosis is an emerging subcutaneous mycosis caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. In this article, a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical and treatment of this disease is presented. Relevant aspects of its geographical distribution, risk factors, zoonotic transmission and epidemic outbreaks are discussed. In addition, the clinical variability of sporotrichosis is analyzed in detail, describing its various forms of presentation, including cutaneous, lymphangitic and systemic. Diagnostic challenges associated with its similarity to other mycoses and skin diseases are highlighted, and guidelines for its microbiological diagnosis are provided. Therapeutic options are also discussed, with emphasis on the use of systemic antifungals and the consideration of surgical treatment in selected cases. Finally, the importance of comprehensive knowledge of sporotrichosis to improve early detection, effective clinical management and prevention of complications in patients affected by this fungal infection is highlighted