Role of endothelin in hypertension: a review

Throughout, the global population hypertension is increasing at a tremendous rate day by day. A number of behavioral and genetic factors are responsible for essential hypertension. Numerous risk factors like obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, insomnia, and the lack of physical exercise are the contributing risk factors to the development of hypertension. Endothelin-1 is considered to be a powerful vasoconstrictor. The activity of the endothelin is regulated by its receptors ETA and ETB which both are G- protein-coupled receptors. Vascular calcification, fibrosis, and perivascular inflammation are core aspects of hypertension that really are important in vascular aging and lead to vascular stiffening. Preliminary research has implicated T lymphocytes in hypertension's pathogenesis. The remodeling of resistant arteries and aberrant vascular function are both significantly influenced by ET-1. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodeling in sunitinib-induced hypertension involved ET-1/ETAR-mediated vasoconstriction and vascular oxidative stress. ET-1 can raise blood pressure by disturbing, in particular, maintaining intravascular fluid volume, contraction of the heart, and resistance in the peripheral vascular system