PAP SMEAR: AN IMPORTANT SCREENING TECHNIQUE FOR PREVENTING AND DETECTING CERVICAL CANCER

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most preventable cancer in women worldwide, and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths. Cervical cancer is less common than it once was in developed nations due to early detection through Pap smear technique. However, in developing countries especially the Sub Saharan region, the number of deaths resulting from cervical cancer is unquantifiable as a result of inaccurate data. Method: A review of literature, utilizing the PUBMED and those obtained through nominal search and general text books was done to determine the epidemiology, overview, screening methods and obstacles, risk factor, guideline for prevention and health promotion of cervical cancer through Pap smear on women of child bearing age. Result: Most of the early cervical cancer detections were from developed countries showing that early cervical cancer rarely produces symptoms, and if present, may go unnoticed as a thin watery vaginal discharge. When discharge, irregular bleeding or pain and bleeding after sexual intercourse occur, the disease may have advanced. Conclusion: Population-based cervical cancer screening in women has shown to reduce mortality. Advanced disease could be prevented if all women have access to Pap smear and gynecological care and avail themselves to utilize the opportunity