Biomechanical study of the shoulder joint complex and associated injuries

The glenohumeral joint allows the arm to perform countless and varied movements. This diversity generates a vulnerability on the joint, which, in turn, tends to suffer dislocations, affecting 1-2% of the population. In addition, individuals who frequently perform activities such as swimming, baseball, tennis, among others, are more likely to have shoulder injuries due to the stress to which their joints and muscles are subjected. It is also known that, given a first dislocation, it may lead to the appearance of lesions in the structures that make up the shoulder joint complex, causing some patients to suffer from recurrent dislocations. This can be due to the inaccurate information available regarding the most appropriate treatment for each situation. It is important to note that a proper treatment should allow the patient to regain glenohumeral joint stability without causing pain and reducing mobility. The development of this work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the shoulder complex, and thus provide relevant clinical information, allowing clinicians to perceive the most appropriate treatments with greater ease and confidence, ensuring that the patient will not suffer from instability in the glenohumeral joint again. A finite element model was built for this study, which allowed a biomechanical analysis of the shoulder complex. This work allowed to verify the importance of the stabilizing role of the glenohumeral ligaments with the humerus positioned in the upper ranges. In addition, it was possible to conclude that glenoid defects with sizes greater than 37.5% of the glenoid width combined with any defect in the humeral head should be repaired with a Latarjet procedure