NEW ASPECTS OF PHYSICS OF THERMOELECTRICITY

The depth of cooling of thermoelectric Peltier refrigerators, in which the branches of p - and n - conductivities are arranged in a line and connected to each other end-to-end or by means of a copper jumper, is calculated. The temperatures of the joints of the branches between themselves and between the branches and the copper jumper are calculated. The depth of cooling of these devices has been estimated. The effect of the Thomson effect on these temperatures has also been studied. The analysis of the received results is made, practical recommendations are given. A new model of an anisotropic thermoelectric refrigerator is considered, which should not be inferior to a standard Peltier refrigerator in terms of cooling efficiency. A technique for measuring the kinetic coefficients of low-temperature thermoelectrics is proposed, which makes it possible to get rid of the need to use alternating current in measurements, which leads to a significant simplification of the electrical circuit of the measuring installation. For the sake of completeness, Harman's method is described in detail. The theoretical foundations of the method for measuring the kinetic coefficients of thermoelectrics are described in detail. A simple method for measuring the coefficient of the Thomson electrothermal effect is proposed