Precocious puberty in children - diagnosis, causes and treatment

Krupa Adrianna, Piasek Ewa, Padała Olga, Putowski Maciej, Konopelko Michał. Precocious puberty in children - diagnosis, causes and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):879-886. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3460545 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7511 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 31.08.2019. Accepted: 22.09.2019. Precocious puberty in children - diagnosis, causes and treatment Adrianna Krupa, Ewa Piasek, Olga Padała, Maciej Putowski, Michał Konopelko Adrianna Krupa, adriannakrp@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-0866-3952 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 Street, 20- 090 Lublin, Poland Ewa Piasek, ewa.piasekk@gmail.com, ORCID:0000-0003-3344-4022 I Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland Olga Padała, olga.padala@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-1469-0877 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland Maciej Putowski, putowski.maciek@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0002-7575-2456 Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland Michał Konopelko, mm.konopelko@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-4103-7400 Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland Abstract Physiological sexual maturation begins with pulsatile gonadoliberin (GnRH) secretion by neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nuclei. GnRH affects the synthesis and pulsatile secretion of the anterior pituitary gonadotropic hormones - LH and FSH, which through stimulation of the gonads lead to the production and secretion of sex hormones - estrogens and testosterone. Sex hormones are responsible for the development of secondary and tertiary sexual characteristics. The mechanisms responsible for inhibiting GnRH secretion in pre-pubertal children have not been fully understood, but they are most likely the result of homeostasis prevailing between neuronal excitatory and inhibitory systems. The entire course of puberty in children is a complex process and is influenced by a wide range of environmental and individual factors. This translates into a large range of physiological age limits for the onset of puberty: in girls between 8 and 13 years of age (on average 10 years), while for boys between 9 and 14 years of age (on average 12 years). Many factors are responsible for precocious puberty in children. The course of the disease affects both the physical and psychological sphere of the child. In order to compensate for the distant effects of this disease, it is necessary to detect symptoms early and implement effective treatment to avoid long-term complications. Emphasis should also be placed on health education to raise public awareness. Key words: precocious puberty, puberty, children, GnR