OPTIMIZATION OF THE PID PARAMETERS FOR CONTROL SPEED OF A DC MACHINE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Most of the current industrial devices use the controllers of the type Proportional Integral and Derivative for the numerical regulation from certain physical magnitude such as speed, current, voltage, temperature... etc. The realization of analogical controller based on operational amplifiers cheaper is an interesting alternative provided that their performances are not too distant from those of their numerical counterparts. The robustness or the effectiveness of this type of controller depends on the compromise of the constants Kp, Ki and Kd which are the parameters of the PID controller. This paper concerns the optimization of the parameters of PID controller applied for the speed control of a D.C machine. So we initially studied the PID controller and some methods of optimization of its parameters (Kp, Ki and Kp). Thereafter, we implemented various methods of optimization of the parameters of the PID controller (Ziegler-Nichols open loop, Ziegler-Nichols closed loop, Chien-Hrones-Reswick 0% and 20%, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO)) to control the speed of a DC machine