PATTERNS OF CITIZENSHIP, PHILANTHROPY, AND STATE RELATIONS IN THE SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT OF CITIZENSHIP

Abstract The relationship between citizens and the state can be seen from the discourse and citizenship approach, namely liberal, republican, and communitarian traditions by comparing with the reality of the Indonesian citizenship approach which follows one tradition or has its own tradition, or a synthesis of the three existing traditions. The purpose of this study was to find out the construction of the relationship between the state and citizens in the context of philanthropy. This study used a grounded theory approach to find the pattern of relationships between citizens, the state, and the philanthropic movement. The data were obtained from in-depth interviews with experts and practitioners of the philanthropic movement in Indonesia, namely LAZISMU, STF UIN Jakarta, and Philanthropy Indonesia. The results of the study indicated that referring to the obligations of the state as mandated by the constitution, assistance for the welfare of citizens which was sought by the state was not called as philanthropy as the state's constitutional obligation to citizens. However, it seemed that not everything related to the state's obligations could be fulfilled by the state, including in terms of the welfare of the community. As a nation state, these differences were seen as natural and necessary realities, so it was necessary to build bridges of relations that connected diversity as an effort to build the concept of unity in diversity. The birth of Pancasila was intended as a unifying tool. Diversity is a mosaic that beautifies the picture of Indonesia as a whole. Ideally in a nation-state, all distinct group identities are transcended, while the most important ideal is national identity. The point we could present was this complementary meeting point begins with a synergy between citizens, the state, and philanthropy, because the government must focus on the basic needs of the community, while philanthropic institutions outside the country focus on empowering other fields, such as advocacy. Meeting basic needs is the government's main task, while philanthropy can be directed at empowering and strengthening citizenship and towards democratization with social justice