Data from: Extensive genetic diversity among populations of the malaria mosquito Anopheles moucheti revealed by population genomics

Malaria vectors are exposed to intense selective pressures due to large-scale intervention programs that are underway in most African countries. One of the current priorities is therefore to clearly assess the adaptive potential of Anopheline populations, which is critical to understand and anticipate the response mosquitoes can elicit against such adaptive challenges. The development of genomic resources that will empower robust examinations of evolutionary changes in all vectors including currently understudied species is an inevitable step toward this goal. Here we constructed double-digest Restriction Associated DNA (ddRAD) libraries and generated 6461 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that we used to explore the population structure and demographic history of wild-caught Anopheles moucheti from Cameroon. The genome-wide distribution of allelic frequencies among samples best fitted that of an old population at equilibrium, characterized by a weak genetic structure and extensive genetic diversity, presumably due to a large long term effective population size. Estimates of FST and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) across SNPs reveal a very low genetic differentiation throughout the genome and the absence of segregating LD blocks among populations, suggesting an overall lack of local adaptation. Our study provides the first investigation of the genetic structure and diversity in An. moucheti at the genomic scale. We conclude that, despite a weak genetic structure, this species has the potential to challenge current vector control measures and other rapid anthropogenic and environmental changes thanks to its great genetic diversity.Anopheles moucheti_part1Fastq files for Anopheles moucheti individuals from Cameroon - part 1moucheti_part1.tar.gzAnopheles moucheti_part2Fastq files for Anopheles moucheti individuals from Cameroon - part 2moucheti_part2.tar.gzAnopheles moucheti_part3Fastq files for Anopheles moucheti individuals from Cameroon - part 3moucheti_part3.tar.gzAnopheles moucheti_part4Fastq files for Anopheles moucheti individuals from Cameroon - part 4moucheti_part4.tar.gzAnopheles moucheti_part5Fastq files for Anopheles moucheti individuals from Cameroon - part 5moucheti_part5.tar.gzAnopheles moucheti data fileInformation on Anopheles moucheti samples sequenced from CameroonAn.moucheti_datafile.xls