Fig. 8. Compound 4 inhibited IL-1 in Guaianolides from Artemisia codonocephala suppress interleukine-1β secretion in macrophages

Fig. 8. Compound 4 inhibited IL-1β production in THP-1 macrophages. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of IL-1β was performed. Scale bar = 10 μm. (B) The protein level of IL-1β in the culture medium from THP-1 cells was determined by ELISA. (C) Cleaved IL- 1β, NLRP3 and Caspase 1 in the supernatant or lysates of THP-1 cells were detected by western blotting. GAPDH was used as an internal loading control. (D) Expression of autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blotting. GAPDH was used as an internal loading control. (E) Expression of autophagy related proteins in THP-1 cells treated with or without 10 μM compound 4 and 5 mM 3-MA. GAPDH was used as an internal loading control. (F) mRFP- GFP-LC3 puncta were measured using a confocal microscope. Scale bar = 5 μm. (G) The levels of IL-1β in the culture medium from THP-1 cells treated with or without 10 μM compound 4 and 5 mM 3-MA. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 6). ###P <0.001, LPS + ATP vs. control, **P <0.01 and ***P