Pathomorphological features of the alveolar bone when applying osteoconductive materials on the background of generalized periodontitis

Modern methods of surgical preparation for orthopedic treatment of patients with periodontal diseases need improvement. The problems of optimization of reparative osteogenesis, prevention of atrophy of the alveolar process which affects the quality of osseointegration, are considered separately. The aim of the study is to establish preimplantation morphological changes of the alveolar bone after surgery to increase the effectiveness of surgical preparation for orthopedic treatment of patients with periodontal disease by developing scientifically sound diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation measures. To find out the histological compliance of the alveolar bone with clinical and radiological parameters and to determine the general characteristics of the restored bone tissue, histological examination of the alveolar process biopsy was performed during dental implantation in 80 patients: in 20 cases – from areas where osteoplastic mixtures were not applied; in 60 cases – where osteoplastic mixtures were applied. The proposed surgical approaches to tooth extraction applying osteotropic material based on β-TCF with fibrin gel enriched with growth factors, the use of osteoplastic material based on β-TCF and myelocollagen transplant in patients with generalized periodontitis are quite effective in the prevention of postextractive and postoperative atrophy of alveolar processes, which is statistically proven during the evaluation of clinical, radiological, anthropometric, densitometric and morphological results of the study. The applied methods allowed to achieve a significant reduction in the loss of height, width and optical density of the alveolar process long time after treatment compared with the loss of these parameters in patients treated by traditional methods