ABOUT THE HISTORY AND MODELING OF NUCLEAR WINTER

Abstract Forecasts of a nuclear winter that can result from a large-scale nuclear war were obtained simultaneously and independently by scientists of the USSR and the USA in 1983-1985. The history of the development, forecasts, climatic and some of its environmental consequences are described. The main active factor causing a nuclear winter is the powerful fires that have arisen as a result of the bombing of large cities, which have turned into "fire tornadoes". The resulting soot and dust block the solar radiation. According to climatic models the magnitude of the temperature drop at different points of the earth's surface ranges from 5 to 50 degrees. The country that starts a nuclear war will inevitably die from its own or someone else's nuclear strikes. Vegetation and wildlife will die depending on what period of the year the nuclear conflict occurs.References: 1. Ambio. 1982. v. 11, N. 2, 3. 2. Alexandrov V. V. Model of the general circulation of the atmosphere with a baroclinic adaptation. Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1982, vol. 265 No. 5, pp. 1094-1097. (in Russian). 3. Alexandrov V. V., Stenchikov G. L. On modeling the climatic consequences of nuclear war. Moscow: Computing Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences - 1983. (in Russian). 4. Alexandrov G. A., Armand A. D., Svirezhev Yu. M., Tarko A. M. et al. Mathematical models of ecosystems. Environmental and demographic consequences of nuclear war. // Edited by A. A. Dorodnitsyn. Moscow: Nauka, 1986. - 176 pp. (in Russian). 5. Crutzen P. J., Birks J. W. The atmosphere after nuclear war: twilight at noon. Ambio. 1982, v. 11, p.114-125. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-27460-7_5. 6. Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War. Physical and Atmospheric Effects. SCOPE 28. - Eds.: Pittock A. B., Ackerman T. P., Crutzen P. J., MacCracken M. C., Shapiro C. S., Turco R. P. – Wiley, U.K. , 1985. - v. 1, 359 pp. 7. Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War. Ecological and Agricultural Effects. SCOPE 28. - Eds.: Harwell M. A., Hutchinson T. C. - Wiley, U.K., 1985, v. 2, 523 pp. 8. Kasperska-Palach A. The mechanism of hardening of herbaceous plants. // Cold resistance of plants, Edited by G. A. Samygina. Moscow: Kolos. - 1983. - p. 112. (in Russian). 9. Moiseev N. N., Alexandrov V. V., Tarko A. M. Man and the biosphere. Experience of system analysis and experiments with models. Moscow: Nauka. - 1985. - 272 p. (in Russian). 10. Tarko A. M. Modeling of global biospheric processes in the atmosphere - plants-soil system. // Dynamic modeling in agrometeorology, Ed. Yu. A. Khvalensky, Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 1982, pp. 8-16. (in Russian). 11. Tumanov N. I. Physiology of hardening and frost resistance of plants. Moscow.: Nauka. - 1979. (in Russian)