The use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in urology - review

Szwed Jakub, Szwed Monika, Szwed Weronika, Miga Nadia. The use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in urology - review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(8):1026-1036. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.087 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.08.087 https://zenodo.org/record/7019832 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2022. Revised: 07.08.2022. Accepted: 24.08.2022. The use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in urology - review Jakub Szwed1, Monika Szwed2, Weronika Szwed3, Nadia Miga4 1. Department of Urology, Independent Public Healthcare Center in Lubartów, Cicha 14, 21-100 Lubartów 2. Provincial Specialist Hospital of the name Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński, Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin 3. School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-082 Olsztyn 4. Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin Jakub Szwed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-4265 jszwed128@wp.pl Department of Urology, Independent Public Healthcare Center in Lubartów, Cicha 14, 21-100 Lubartów Monika Szwed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-2172 monika.pi3karska@gmail.com Provincial Specialist Hospital of the name Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński, Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin Weronika Szwed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-7970 weronikaszwed1997@gmail.com School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-082 Olsztyn Nadia Miga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-6159 nadiamiga@icloud.com Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin Abstract Introduction and purpose Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) prevents the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft of the neuromuscular junction, which causes flaccid muscle paralysis. A non-obvious specialization that uses botulinum toxin is urology. The aim of this article is to present a literature review regarding the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of urological diseases. Description of the state of knowledge In the overactive bladder syndrome, with resistance to oral medications, an alternative is botox injections into the bladder wall, which reduce the intensity of urgency and pollakiuria. Treatment of BPH with botulinum toxin injection may be an alternative to surgical and pharmacological treatment. Intra-articular botox injection causes smooth muscle relaxation and gland atrophy through prostate tissue apoptosis. Clinical studies show promising therapeutic effects of using Botox injections in the treatment of intramural cystitis. It reduces the feeling of bladder pain and the worsening of other symptoms. Panunzio et al. Presented a meta-analysis of prospective studies that showed a statistically significant improvement in pain perception after injection of botulinum toxin into the pelvic structures, compared with baseline values for CPPS, in all cohorts evaluated. Summary Urology uses the entire spectrum of botox possibilities, from myocrelation in the bladder hyperresponsiveness syndrome, through neuromodulation and apoptosis induction in benign prostatic hyperplasia, ending with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in bladder pain syndrome and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Key words: Botox, Urology, Overactive Bladder, BPH, Bladder Pain Syndro