Data from: Recent natural selection causes adaptive evolution of an avian polygenic trait

We used extensive data from a long-term study of great tits (Parus major) in the United Kingdom and Netherlands to better understand how genetic signatures of selection translate into variation in fitness and phenotypes. We found that genomic regions under differential selection contained candidate genes for bill morphology and used genetic architecture analyses to confirm that these genes, especially the collagen gene COL4A5, explained variation in bill length. COL4A5 variation was associated with reproductive success, which, combined with spatiotemporal patterns of bill length, suggested ongoing selection for longer bills in the United Kingdom. Last, bill length and COL4A5 variation were associated with usage of feeders, suggesting that longer bills may have evolved in the United Kingdom as a response to supplementary feeding.TemporalBillLength_DryadDataText file containing bill length and tarsus length of birds measured between 1982 and 2007Plink files of all typed individuals.bed file of 3015 individuals typed at 485,122 SNPs.NLUK.bedPlink files of all typed individuals.bim file of 3015 individuals typed at 485,122 SNPsNLUK.bimPlink files of all typed individuals.fam file of 3015 individuals typed at 485,122 SNPsNLUK.famPlink file for genomic prediction between NL and UK populations.bed fileBillLength_BayesR.bedPlink file for genomic prediction between NL and UK populations.bim fileBillLength_BayesR.bimPlink file for genomic prediction between NL and UK populations.fam file. Parents set as unknown and sex set as 2 (not used in analyses). Col 6 is bill length, Col 7 is UK birds bill length adjusted for repeated measurements and mean zero centred. This phenotype was also used in the GWAS. Col 8 is NL birds bill length.BillLength_BayesR.famCOL4A5_Reproductive_success.csv file of data used to explore relationship between COL4A5 and annual reproductive successBillLength_museum_specimens.csv file of bill lengths of museum specimens from UK and the NetherlandsCOL4A5_genotype_feeder_visits.csv file of data used to explore relationship between COL4A5 and visits to bird feeders2015_2016_feeder_bills.csv file of data used to explore relationship between bill length and feeder visit