The slow-fast continuum is known to structure variation in life-history strategies across species. Within populations, it is also assumed to structure individual life histories, yet evidence of its existence remains unclear. We formally assessed the presence of a slow-fast continuum of life histories both within populations and across species using detailed individual-based data for 17 bird and mammal species with contrasting life histories. We estimated adult lifespan, age at first reproduction, breeding frequency and fecundity, and identified the main axes of variation using Principal Component Analyses. The slow-fast continuum was the main axis of life-history variation across species, but within populations individual variation did not ...